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Precision Software Appli…tions Silver Collection 1
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MANUAL4.DOC
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PCPRO - Printed Circuit Board Layout
4 Command Reference
4.1 Introduction
This chapter provides a user reference to the PCPRO editor
commands. In addition to general information, the purpose,
usage, options, and possible errors are given for each command.
For a tutorial, refer to Chapter 3.
4.2 Screen Layout
When you are editing a PCB, the top line of the screen contains
the current command state, layer color, input prompt, current
cursor position, and the text insert/replace state.
The bottom line of the screen contains a second status line.
This line displays local help information and current value
settings relative to the present command. Please pay attention
to this status line. The information shown on this line is very
important to the current operation being performed.
The center area of the screen is used to display the PCB being
edited and as a pop-up menu area.
4.3 Key Names
Throughout the remainder of this manual, when reference is made
to the RETURN key, the user may press the return (or enter)
key on the keyboard or the return button on the mouse.
The ESCAPE key refers to the ESC key on the keyboard, or the
escape key on the mouse.
The MARK key refers to function key number ten F10 , or the
middle mouse key (if present).
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4.4 Using Menus
Pop-up menus are used throughout PCPRO to select commands and
choose control settings. All menus used in PCPRO programs
function in the same manner. There are three different ways to
select a menu item.
To select a menu item by mnemonic, type only the letters shown
in the desired item which are displayed in upper case. Usually,
this is only one character. The entry of the character itself
may be made in upper or lower case. The menu command will be
executed as soon as the appropriate character(s) is typed. This
is the fastest and most efficient way to select a menu item. If
you have entered a character(s) which does not correspond to any
of the menu items, use the BACKSPACE key to delete the entry.
Keystrokes are displayed in the upper left corner of the screen.
To select a menu item by pointer, use the up and down arrow keys
to move the pointer to the desired menu item. Press RETURN to
select the indicated item.
To select a menu item with the mouse, move the mouse up and down
to position the pointer to the desired item. Press RETURN to
select the indicated item.
You may exit from a menu without making a selection by pressing
ESCAPE .
4.5 Program Start Up
To start the PCPRO program, enter "PCPRO RETURN "
The program will begin by displaying a copyright notice. Press
any key to advance to the main menu.
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4.6 General Usage Keys
Throughout the use of this editor, several functions and
operations are common to all editing commands. To avoid a
confusing amount of redundant writing, these "general commands",
are described here once:
4.6.1 Help Function
The F1 key is always the help key. Press this key to display
help information relative to the current function being
performed. After you have read the information, press any key
to proceed.
The help function is intended to provide simple, refresher
information about the current command, and to list the commands
options. For complete information, refer to the user manual.
4.6.2 Cursor Movement
The arrow keys, located on the numeric key pad, are used to move
the cursor about the CRT screen. The "NumLck" key must be off.
The cursor may be moved in any of the eight possible directions.
1. Right right arrow (key 6)
2. Up/Right PgUp (key 9)
3. Up up arrow (key 8)
4. Up/Left Home (key 7)
5. Left left arrow (key 4)
6. Down/Left End (key 1)
7. Down down arrow (key 2)
8. Down/Right PgDn (key 3)
Holding the Shift key down and pressing one of the arrow keys
will cause the cursor to move ten units (faster).
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4.6.3 Panning & Zooming the Display
There are several ways to select the area of a PCB that is
displayed on the screen. The display may be directly panned,
centered about a point, centered about a text string, zoomed up,
zoomed down, or zoomed to an area.
The Alt key, used in conjunction with the cursor keys, is used
to directly pan the PCB display. Hold the Alt key down and
press the desired arrow key to pan the display in that
direction. The center pan key, Alt 5 , will redraw the
display at the current size and position. The pan occurs when
the Alt key is released.
To center a point of the PCB on the display, move the cursor to
the desired point and press the F5 key. At some zoom scales,
it may not be possible to center the point exactly on the screen.
The pan locate function is used to locate a string of text on
the PCB and center the display about it on the screen. This is
normally used to locate a component on the board. To use this
function, first press F8 . Now, enter the text string to be
located and RETURN . If the string is found on the board, the
display will be panned to it. The text string must match
exactly, including the case of the characters. If the string is
not found, no pan will take place.
To display a particular area of the PCB on the display, press
the F6 key. Move the rectangular cursor to the desired area of
the PCB. Use the F9 and F10 keys to change the size of the
rectangle. Enter RETURN to zoom to the indicated area or
ESC to exit the function.
To directly zoom the PCB display, hold down the Ctrl key and
press the PgUp key to zoom up in scale, or PgDn to zoom down
in scale.
To display the entire PCB, hold the control key down and press
the Home key. The PCB will be displayed at the smallest
allowed zoom.
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4.6.4 Cursor Snap Grid/Cursor Type
The G key is used to pop-up the cursor grid menu. The cursor
grid controls the size of cursor steps and a cursor offset
relative to position zero. Enter the desired values per the menu
prompts and ESC to exit when all the values are set as desired.
It should be noted that a cursor grid is used only to make the
cursor positions and movements convenient for the user. It does
not make the board itself "gridded". If the cursor grid is set
to "off", the cursor movements are 0.001 inches.
This command may also be used to display and set the current
line draw cursor type. The available types are: freeform,
orthogonal, orthogonal & 45, and cross-hair. This setting only
affects the type of cursor used while drawing lines.
4.6.5 Toggle Line Cursor Type
The F9 key may be used to toggle the type of line drawing
cursor to be used.
4.6.6 Set Layers to Display
The F4 or D key is used to pop-up the layer display control
menu. This menu allows the setting of the color (or shade) of
each PCB layer to be displayed. A layer may also be set to not
display at all by setting the display color layer to "off".
Changing a setting will cause the display to be redrawn per the
new settings on exit from the menu.
4.6.7 DOS Function
The F7 key is used to allow the execution of a DOS system
command. After pressing this key, enter the desired DOS
command(s). Enter a blank line to exit this function (just
press the RETURN key).
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If you are running on a floppy disk based system, the DOS file
"COMMAND.COM" must be available on the disk for this command to
work properly.
4.6.8 Mark Area/Point
The MARK key, F10 or . , is used to mark an area or point.
Markers are used to set the beginning (anchor) point of a line,
or to mark an area for an operation such as copy, erase, delete,
etc. The type of marks available are controlled by the current
function being performed. For area marks, you will be prompted
to indicate the corners of the rectangular area to mark. For
point marks, just pressing the MARK key will set the mark
point.
4.6.9 "UNDO" Key
The "UNDO" key is F2 . Pressing this key will undo the last
add or delete command. This function is mainly used to restore
an element that was deleted by mistake, or to delete an item
that was added in the wrong place.
4.6.10 Insert/Replace
The Ins key is used to toggle the input mode between insert and
replace mode for text entry. The current mode (I or R) is
displayed on the status line at the top of the screen.
4.6.11 Identify Items
The I key, Identify, is used during editing to display the
internal data for the item(s) at the cursor location. The exact
values for the displayed item may be edited from the displayed
menu of data. ESCAPE to continue.
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4.7 Main Menu
The main menu is the point of entry into and exit from the
editor. The following commands may be executed from this menu.
1. Load
2. Store
3. New
4. Reports
5. Exit
6. Quit
7. Edit
The function and detailed use of each of these commands is
presented in the following sections.
4.7.1 Load
The load command retrieves an existing PCB file for editing or
viewing. Upon loading a PCB file, the program will automatically
display the board and enter the edit function.
This command is selected from the main menu. A PCB file may be
loaded by directly entering the name of the PCB file, or by
selecting a file from a menu of file names.
To directly load a PCB, enter the file name when prompted, and
RETURN . If no file extension is given, ".pcb" will be
assumed. If found, the file will be loaded.
To use the menu option to load a PCB, just RETURN without
entering a file name. You will be prompted for a search path to
be used in generating the menu. The default path is "*.pcb".
Enter the search path (if different from the default) and
RETURN . A menu of the files which match the search
specification will be displayed on the screen. Select the
desired file from the menu, or ESCAPE.
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ESCAPE to return to the main menu without loading a PCB file.
4.7.2 Store
The store command is used to store the current PCB into a file.
This command is selected from the main menu. PCPRO will display
the current name of the PCB. RETURN to store the PCB under
the current file name or enter the new name for the PCB and
RETURN .
If a file of the given name already exists, you will be
presented with a menu of options. You may replace the old file,
backup the old file before saving the current PCB, or escape
from the save function.
ESCAPE to return to the main menu without storing the current
PCB.
4.7.3 New
The new command is used to create a new PCB and to set its size,
number of layers, and layer types.
This command is selected from the main menu. A menu of the
default PCB size settings will be displayed. Use the menu to
change the size, number of layers, or layer types to the desired
values.
ESCAPE to exit the new command without making a new PCB.
4.7.4 Reports
The Report command allows the user to print reports about the
current PCB.
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This command is selected from the main menu. After selecting
the report type to be generated, you will be prompted for the
output device for the report. Enter a file name or "PRN" to
send the report directly to the printer.
The drill hole selection generates a report of the location and
size of all drill holes on the board.
The net list selection generates a report of the points on the
board that are electrically connected. This report is extremely
valuable in checking the board layout for agreement with the
design schematics or net list. Also, when a net list is
generated, the net numbers for lines and vias are internally
updated and any conflicts are reported.
The net list report requires the selection of the Pads Only or
Paths option.
The pads only option generates a standard net list report. The
report lists the pads of each net path that are connected. If
available, the component name and pin number for the pads are
listed.
The path option not only lists the pad points that are
connected, but also the path by which the connections are made.
In addition to the pads, the lines and vias that make up each
net are listed.
Refer to the Assign Names edit command for instructions on
assigning net names.
The part list selection generates a list of the components and
the part names assigned to each component on the board.
Refer to the Assign Names edit command for instructions on
assigning part names to components.
ESCAPE to exit the command without generating a report.
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4.7.5 Quit Command
The quit command allows the user to exit from the editor without
saving the current PCB to a file.
This command is selected from the main menu. If changes have
been made to the current PCB without saving the PCB to a file,
you will be notified and given one last chance to save your PCB.
Once this command is completed, the editor is exited. To reuse
the editor, you must restart the PCPRO program.
4.7.6 Exit Command
The exit command allows the user to save the current PCB (if
changes have been made ) to a file and then exit the program.
This command is selected from the main menu, or by Shift F10
when in one of the edit commands.
If changes have been made to the current PCB, you will be
prompted for the name of the file to save the current PCB.
Press the desired name and RETURN .
Once this command is completed, the editor is exited. To reuse
the editor, you must restart the program.
4.8 Edit
4.8.1 Introduction
The editing commands are used in creating, changing, and viewing
PCBs on the CRT screen. All PCBs are made by executing a few
simple editing operations such as adding lines, text strings,
component pads, or moving things from one place to another. The
edit command is used to begin editing the current PCB.
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This command is selected from the main menu. After entering edit
mode, a menu of editing commands will be displayed. The primary
editing commands are:
1. Board definition
2. Pad placement/definition
3. Line edit
4. Text edit
5. Copy area
6. Erase area
7. Move area
8. Load symbol/area
9. Store symbol/area
10. Component Operations
11. Reload pad table
12. Assign Names
The function and use of each of the PCB edit commands is given
in the following sections:
ESCAPE to return to the main menu.
If there is no current PCB, an error message indicating that
there is no PCB to be edited will be displayed.
4.8.2 Board Definition
The board definition command is used to change the basic size,
number of layers, and layer types of a PCB.
The board definition command is selected from the edit menu.
Move the item pointer to the item to be changed and RETURN .
Enter the new value at the top of the screen and RETURN .
Repeat for any other values that you wish to change.
ESCAPE to return to the edit command menu. If items have been
changed, there will be a slight delay while the board is updated
per the new board limits.
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4.8.3 Pad Placement/Definition
The pad placement/definition command is used to add, delete, or
modify component pads on a PCB, and to define their shape.
The pad placement/definition command is selected from the edit
menu, or by Shift F1 when in one of the other edit commands.
The following procedure is used to add pads to a PCB. You may
skip any steps where the current value for the item in question
is already the desired value. The current settings are displayed
at the bottom of the screen.
1. Position the cursor to the location of
the new pad.
2. Select the desired pad number by entering
P to display the pad selection menu.
Position the pointer to the number of
the desired pad. RETURN to edit the pad
definition data.
Press ESC to exit the pad data menu,
and the pad number selection menu.
3. Press L to select the PCB layer number
for the new pad.
5. Press N to enter the pad pin number for
the new pad (if different from that shown
in the bottom status line).
6. Press RETURN to add the new pad. Move
the cursor and repeat the process for
additional pads. When a pad is added, the
pin number is automatically incremented.
The following is a list of the available options for this
command.
ESC - Escape pad function.
RET - Add pad.
F1 - Help.
F2 - Undo the last operation.
L - Set pad layer number.
N - Set pad pin number.
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PCPRO - Printed Circuit Board Layout
P - Set/edit pad type.
I - List pad items at cursor position.
C - Copy pad(s).
E - Erase pad(s).
M - Move pad(s).
U - Update pad at cursor position
to current pad type.
DEL - Delete pad at cursor.
ESCAPE to return to the edit menu.
4.8.4 Line Edit
The line edit command is used to add, delete, or modify lines on
a PCB. This command may also be used to add or delete solid
conductor areas and void areas.
The line edit command is selected from the edit menu, or by
Shift F2 when in one of the other edit commands.
Before adding a line, first determine the width of the desired
line and the layer on which the line is to be placed. The
current line option values are displayed at the bottom of the
screen. Also, the color of the current layer is indicated in
the top status line. Refer to the option summary for
instructions on how to set these values.
The line command operates in two major modes: position and draw.
The command is initially in the position mode. Use this mode to
position the cursor at the beginning of a line segment to be
drawn or modified.
To enter line draw mode, RETURN . This mode is used to draw
lines and to add vias. To draw a line, move the cursor to the
end of the line and RETURN to draw the line indicated by the
cursor. To establish a new line begin point, press the MARK
key.
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A via may be added or deleted while in line draw mode by drawing
a line of zero length (begin and end point is the same). If a
via is already at this point, it will be removed. When a via is
added, the current layer will be changed to its corresponding
layer "pair" (1-2, 3-4, etc.).
A line may be "threaded" through the board very quickly by
drawing a line, adding a via, drawing a line on the new layer,
adding another via..... all without being interrupted to set
layer numbers and to directly add vias as required by most other
PCB editors.
To erase a line, place the cursor on the center line of the
segment to be deleted and press the DEL key. The layer must
be set to the layer of the segment to be deleted.
The B command may be used to break a line segment into two
segments. The break is made at the cursor position on the line.
This is very useful for erasing a portion of a line, or when
used in conjunction with the move command, adding jogs to
existing lines.
To directly add a via at the cursor position, press the * key.
The type of pad used for vias may be selected by pressing the
V key.
Please do not overlook the powerful move, copy, and erase
commands. The move command is especially powerful in extending a
line, shortening a line, or shifting a line's end point. Also,
pay attention to the cursor types available for line layout
(described in the section on general keys). The orthogonal & 45
cursor mode is very handy for most net layouts.
The following is a list of the available options for the line
command.
ESC - Escape function or command.
RET - Enter line mode, add line.
F1 - Help.
F2 - Undo the last operation.
F9 - Toggle line cursor type.
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PCPRO - Printed Circuit Board Layout
* - Add a via at the current cursor position.
DEL - Delete line at the current cursor position
& current layer.
A - Add a solid conductor area.
B - Break line at curosr into two segments.
C - Copy line(s).
E - Erase line(s).
I - List line items at cursor position.
L - Set line layer number.
M - Move line(s).
N - Display net.
R - Display rat's nest.
T - Toggle layer number.
U - Update line at cursor position with current
value for width.
V - Set pad number for via.
W - Set line width.
X - Add a void area (used with autorouter).
ESCAPE to return to the edit menu.
4.8.5 Text Edit
The text edit command is used to add, delete, or modify text
strings on a PCB.
The text edit command is selected from the edit menu, or by
Shift F3 when in one of the other edit commands.
Before adding text, first determine the height, angle, font, and
layer number of the text to be added. The current settings are
displayed at the bottom of the screen. Refer to the option
summary for instructions on how to set these values.
To place text on a PCB, move the cursor to the desired location
of the text and RETURN . Next, type the desired text string
and RETURN .
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To delete or update a text string, place the cursor on the text
and press the DEL key to delete it, or U to edit the
existing string. The layer must be set to the layer of the text
string.
The following is a list of the available options for the text
command.
ESC - Escape text function.
RET - Add text string.
F1 - Help.
F2 - Undo the last operation.
A - Set text angle & mirroring.
S - Set text size.
F - Set text font.
L - Set text layer number.
I - List text items at cursor position.
C - Copy text string(s).
E - Erase text string(s).
M - Move text string(s).
U - Update text at cursor position
with current option settings.
DEL - Delete text at the current
cursor position & current layer.
ESCAPE to return to the edit command menu.
4.8.6 Copy Command
The copy command is used to copy an item or area of the PCB.
The copy area edit command is selected from the edit menu or
from the line, pad, or text edit functions. The command may also
be selected by Shift F4 when in one of the other edit
commands.
If the command is entered from the edit menu, all items in the
area to be copied will be copied. If the command is entered
from the line, pad, or text functions, then only items of that
respective type will be copied.
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To copy an area, press MARK , and mark the area to be copied.
To make a copy, place the cursor on the item or area to be
copied and RETURN . Move the cursor to the new position
indicated by the cursor shape and RETURN to make the copy.
ESCAPE to exit the copy command.
4.8.7 Erase Command
The erase command is used to delete an item or area of a PCB.
The erase area command is selected from the edit menu or from
the line, pad, or text edit functions. The command may also be
selected by Shift F5 when in one of the other edit commands.
If the command is entered from the edit menu, all items in the
area to be erased will be erased. If the command is entered
from the line, pad, or text functions, then only items of that
respective type will be erased.
To erase an area, press the MARK key, mark the area to be
erased. Place the cursor on the item or area to be erased and
RETURN .
ESCAPE to exit the erase area command.
4.8.8 Move Command
The move command is used to move or drag an item or area of a
PCB. The command may also be used to move items from one item
to another.
The move command is selected from the edit menu or from the
line, pad, or text edit functions. The command may also be
selected by Shift F6 when in one of the other edit commands.
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If the command is entered from the edit menu, all items in the
area to be moved will be moved. If the command is entered from
the line, pad, or text functions, then only items of that
respective type will be moved.
To move an area, press the MARK key, and mark the area to be
moved. Place the cursor on the item or area to be moved and
RETURN to select it. Move the cursor to the new position
indicated by the cursor shape. While an area is selected, you
may press the MARK key to rotate the area. RETURN to complete
the move command. Lines which are not fully contained within
the area will be "rubber-banded" when the move is made.
To stretch a line, select one end of the line (or intersection
of several lines), move to the new location, and RETURN . The
old lines will be rubber-banded to the new location. This
method is much more efficient that deleting the old lines and
drawing new ones. Just "drag" the line end point to the new
location.
Use the L key to select the layer to be copied from. To move
items to a different layer, select the item or area as described
above, then enter T to select the to layer.
ESCAPE to exit the move area command.
4.8.9 Component Operations
The component operations command is used to move, copy, or delete
PCB components. The command may also be used to display a rat's
nest of signal connections for a component.
Please note! A component is defined when a symbol is loaded onto
the board or if the basic PCB was imported (such as from the
CELL/EDIF interface). Pads which are directly added to the PCB
are assigned a component value of zero, and cannot be operated
on by this command. If you wish to use this command to build a
board from scratch (not from a schematic interface), you should
load all of the parts for your board from symbols. If necessary,
refer to the section "Save Symbol/Area" for instructions on how
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to create symbols.
The component operations command is selected from the edit menu,
or by Shift F8 when in one of the other edit commands.
To perform an operation on a component, move the cursor near the
component (within 1/2 inch) and RETURN to select it. Once
selected, the component number will be displayed in the top
status line and the outline of the component will be indicated
by the cursor shape. To move the component, just move the cursor
to the new location and RETURN . To rotate a component, press
the R or MARK key. The outline of the new rotation will be
indicated by the cursor shape. The move and rotate operation
may be combined in one operation.
ESCAPE to unselect a component.
While a component is selected, a rat's nest of its connections
to other components may be displayed by pressing the N key.
The nest may be removed by pressing the N key again, or by
unselecting the component.
In order for the rat's nest option to work, the pads for the
selected component must have the proper net numbers assigned to
each pad. This is done automatically by the CELL/EDIF schematic
interface to PCPRO. If you are laying out a board from scratch,
net numbers may be assigned by setting the net number for each
pad of the component with the pad I command.
4.8.10 Load Symbol/Area
The load symbol command is used to load a previously defined
symbol onto the PCB.
The load symbol command is selected from the edit menu, or by
Shift F7 when in one of the other edit commands.
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Symbols may be loaded by directly entering the name of the
symbol to be loaded, or from a menu of symbol names.
To directly load a symbol, enter the file name of the symbol to
be loaded and RETURN .
To use the menu option to load a symbol, just RETURN without
entering a symbol name. You will be prompted for a search path
to be used in generating the menu. The default path is "*.sym".
Enter the search path (if different from the default) and
RETURN . A menu of the symbols which match the search
specification will be displayed on the screen. If there is more
than one page of symbols, use the PgDn and PgUp keys to page
the menu to the desired symbol. Use the cursor arrow keys to
move the file indicator to the desired symbol and RETURN to
load the file name into the input line. RETURN again to
select the symbol file.
The area of the symbol will be indicated by the cursor shape.
To add the symbol, position the cursor and RETURN . Repeat if
more copies of the symbol are to be added.
ESCAPE at any of the prompts to return to the edit menu.
4.8.11 Store Symbol/Area
The store symbol/area command is used to copy an area of the
current PCB to a file for retrieval at a later time.
The store symbol/area command is selected from the edit menu.
To store a symbol, first mark the area of the symbol to be
stored. Next, enter the file name of the symbol to be saved and
RETURN . The indicated area will be copied to the indicated
file.
If the given file already exists, you will be presented with a
menu of options. You may replace the old file, backup the old
file and then save the new symbol, or exit from the save symbol
function.
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ESCAPE to return to the edit command menu.
4.8.12 Reload Pad Table
The reload pad table command is used to load the pad table of the
current PCB from the configuration file. This is normally done
when the configuration file has been changed and you want to
update an old board with the pad definitions in the
configuration file.
The reload pad table command is selected from the edit menu. The
command will require the user to verify the reload before loading
the new pad table.
4.8.13 Assign Names
The assign names command is used to assign a name (text string)
to a net, assign a part name to a component, or assign a net
name to a power layer. The names are used to make the net and
parts list reports easier to use. It is much easier to check a
board if the report says "CLOCK" or "GND" than "net #5" or "net
#23".
If a board is created from scratch, you must assign net or part
names (if you want them). If the board is created by an
interface program, such as the CELL/EDIF or FutureNet interface
programs, the net and part names are automatically assigned.
The assign names command is selected from the edit menu, or by
Shift F9 when in one of the other edit commands. You will
then be prompted for the type of name to be assigned. Select net
name or part name from the menu.
To assign a net name to a pad, place the cursor on a pad of the
net and RETURN . If the net already has a name assigned, it
will be displayed. Enter the new name and RETURN to make the
assignment, or ESCAPE to exit the prompt. If a net name is
already assigned, you will be given the option of changing just
the selected pad, or to rename all the pads of the old net name
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to the new name.
It is only necessary to name one pad of a net to the desired net
name. When the net list report is generated, all pads which
connect to this pad will automatically be updated with the
assigned net name. If two pads are assigned different net names
and then connected, a conflict will be reported when the net
list report is generated.
To assign a part name to a component, place the cursor on or
near a component and RETURN . If a part name is already
assigned, it will be displayed. Enter the new name and RETURN
to make the assignment, or ESCAPE to exit the prompt.
To assign a net name to a power layer, select the power layer
from the menu the enter the net name for the power layer and
RETURN .
ESCAPE to return to the edit menu.
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